Tattoos have become a popular form of self-expression, especially among younger generations. However, concerns persist regarding their potential link to cancer.
While some argue that tattoos may pose health risks, the scientific community continues to explore the validity of these claims.
Do studies link tattoos with risk of cancer?
Previous studies have offered mixed results on the relationship between tattoos and cancer. A significant 2020 study involving 1,518 participants from British Columbia found no correlation between tattooing and the incidence of lymphoma. Conversely, a more recent study utilizing data from the Swedish National Cancer Registry, published in 2024, revealed a 21 per cent increase in lymphoma incidence among tattooed individuals. This study particularly noted a heightened risk for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma.
What is Lymphoma?
Lymphoma is a cancer that originates in the lymphatic system, an integral part of the body’s immune response. It is categorized into two main types: non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma.
One potential concern is that pigments from tattoo inks can migrate to regional lymph nodes shortly after the tattooing process. This migration may cause staining and swelling, prompting immune cells to react to the chemicals found in the ink. Tattoo inks typically consist of a mixture of organic and inorganic pigments, with some colored inks containing primary aromatic amines. Black inks may contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, along with heavy metals such as arsenic, chromium, cobalt, lead, and nickel. Notably, certain chemicals present in tattoo inks have been classified as carcinogenic by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.
Despite the association highlighted in the recent study, it is crucial to note that correlation does not imply causation. The research does not definitively prove that tattoos cause lymphoma, nor does it address the specific types of inks used by participants. Additionally, the study indicated no connection between tattoo size and lymphoma incidence.
Given that lymphoma represents less than 4% of all cancers, the overall risk for tattooed individuals appears minimal. Most people with tattoos do not develop lymphoma, suggesting that fears about tattoos leading to cancer may be exaggerated. While ongoing research is essential for a clearer understanding, current evidence does not conclusively link tattoos to an increased cancer risk.
