Iron deficiency, commonly known as anaemia, is a condition in which blood lacks adequate healthy red blood cells. This has become one of the most common nutritional issues and has a huge impact on various body functions. Iron is known for aiding immune cell production and function. However, iron deficiency becomes a barrier for the red blood cells, which work as a carrier of oxygen to the body’s tissues. This hampers the functions of different body parts.
Here are five major complications in the body due to iron deficiency.
Increased risk of infections – The T cells in the body, also known as immune cells, need large amounts of iron to fight infections. However people with low iron levels in their bodies cannot provide sufficient amounts of the nutrients to T cells to fight infections like colds and flu.
Fatigue and heart problems – Iron in the body also helps in transporting oxygen in the blood to muscles and tissues. However, low iron levels reduce the transportation of oxygen, making people low on energy, which leads to tiredness and weakness, even after rest. It also affects daily productivity and can also lead to shortness of breath and heart problems.
Depression, headaches and brain fog – Iron deficiency leads to a lack of oxygen in the brain. Low haemoglobin levels are linked to mood disturbances and difficulty concentrating or thinking clearly, as per a report in the US National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Additionally, insufficiency of oxygen in the blood vessels causes pressure and pain around the forehead or temples, leading to frequent headaches and dizziness.
Pale skin – Iron helps in the production of haemoglobin in the body, which gives blood a vibrant red colour. However, due to iron deficiency and reduced blood circulation, one’s skin can appear noticeably pale, especially on the face, lips, and eyelids.
Brittle nails and hair loss – Iron deficiency leads to a reduction in keratin production in the body. Keratin is the main component of nails and hair. A lack of the same results in dry, fragile nails and dull, thin hair, which indicates poor nourishment of the follicles.
Besides these symptoms, a tingling, crawling sensation in the legs especially at night, craving for non-food items like ice or clay and sore or smooth tongue are also signs of iron deficiency in the body. For children, iron deficiency can hinder the overall development of the body.
